掌握好這五大類同義替換，雅思聽力輕松過關(guān)！

雅思考試不論聽說讀寫哪一科，都會(huì)以各種形式考察考生的詞匯資源(lexical resource)。詞匯資源，除了我們通常想起的詞匯量之外，更多是指考生使用詞匯的豐富程度，以及辨識(shí)同義替換的能力。在雅思聽力中，考生聽題時(shí)如果能快速識(shí)別出聽力內(nèi)容和題目中對(duì)應(yīng)的同義替換，要考出亮眼的聽力成績(jī)會(huì)容易很多。那么，什么是同義替換？同義替換在聽力考試中有哪些類別，以及聽題時(shí)又是怎么通過識(shí)別同義替換來吧題做對(duì)的？我們來一睹究竟吧！

同義替換，顧名思義就是同一個(gè)意思的不同表達(dá)形式。做聽力題時(shí)，辨識(shí)同義替換有以下作用：

1. 幫助考生快速定位錄音行進(jìn)的位置；

2. 定位到信號(hào)詞以及答案。

在雅思聽力只放一遍錄音的情況下，考生如果能通過快速識(shí)別同義替換把題做對(duì)，表明考生具備快速的反應(yīng)能力和充足的詞匯儲(chǔ)備，也意味著考生在國(guó)外生活和學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)能夠比較準(zhǔn)確的聽懂外國(guó)人說話。所以掌握同義替換對(duì)于我們聽懂外國(guó)人的話，和把聽力題做對(duì)，都十分重要。

那么，雅思聽力中的同義替換都有哪些形式呢？

常見的同義替換有以下五類：

1. 近義詞；

2. 短語與短語；

3. 上下義詞；

4. 解釋說明；

5. 句型轉(zhuǎn)換。

下面一起來看看劍橋雅思題中的例子，了解下怎樣通過不同形式的同義替換解出正確答案的。

1.近義詞

出處：劍12 Test 6 Section 4  

文章標(biāo)題Conflict at work

Question 33

填空題Also caused by differences in ____________ between people。

對(duì)應(yīng)聽力原文: in some cases one person simply dislikes the other, on the basis that the personality of one is in some way incompatible with that of the other person.

我們可以在讀題的時(shí)候可以預(yù)測(cè)到空缺的內(nèi)容是一個(gè)名詞，并且通過differences in可知答案是指有不同的某個(gè)“方面”。聽力原文中的incompatible [??nk?m?pæt?bl] “矛盾的”對(duì)應(yīng)題目中的differences，caused by “由于”對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的on the basis that “基于”，因此我們可以判斷本題填personality.

2. 短語與短語

出處：劍14 Test 1 Section 2

Questions 13 and 14. Choose Two letter, A-E

Which Two things does the manager say mentors can help with?

A confidence-building

B making career plans

C completing difficult tasks

D making a weekly timetable

E reviewing progress

對(duì)應(yīng)聽力原文： They’ll be asking you about what goals you’ve achieved so far, as well as helping you to identify any areas for improvement. You can also discuss your more long-term ambition with them as well。

不難得知as well as前后的內(nèi)容就是答案。首先，出現(xiàn)在as well as位置之前的asking you about what goals you’ve achieved so far（討論你至今為止完成的目標(biāo)） 可以對(duì)應(yīng)到E選項(xiàng)的reviewing progres，所以確定E為答案之一，而出現(xiàn)在 as well as 之后的identify any areas for improvement （確認(rèn)任何可以改進(jìn)的方面）以及 long-term ambition（長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)的志向）可以對(duì)應(yīng)到B選項(xiàng)making career plans，所以確定B選項(xiàng)也是答案。因此本題選B和E。

3.  上下義詞

出處：劍 13 Test 1 Section 2

文章標(biāo)題 Traffic changes in Granford

Question 12 選擇題。

In a survey, local residents particularly complained about

A. dangerous driving by parents

B. pollution from trucks and lorries

C. inconvenience from parked cars

對(duì)應(yīng)聽力原文: People were very concerned about the lack of visibility on some roads due to cars parked along the sides of the roads.

原文中 due to cars parked along... 和選項(xiàng) C中的from parked cars對(duì)應(yīng)，而 lack of visibility （缺乏可見度）為inconvenience（不便）的下義詞，即lack of visibility涵蓋在inconvenience的意思范圍內(nèi)，兩者形成意思上的對(duì)應(yīng)，因此該題選C選項(xiàng)。

4.解釋說明

解釋說明是指題干中出現(xiàn)一個(gè)較大的或較抽象的概念的詞，聽力原文中沒有直接說出這個(gè)詞，而是用一段話來解釋，將所表述的概念或者事物更加具體化，或者是用一個(gè)或者多個(gè)比較通俗易懂的例子來解釋說明。

出處：劍12 Test 8 Section 2

Question 11

Which is the most rapidly-growing group of residents in the Sheepmarket area?

A. young professional people

B. students from the university

C. employees in the local market

聽力對(duì)應(yīng)原文: Now graduates embarking on careers in the worlds of fashion and design are buying up the new apartments recently built here to replace the small houses where the market workers used to live.

原文中  graduates embarking on careers in the worlds of fashion and design 為選項(xiàng)A young professional people的解釋說明，因此該題答案為選項(xiàng)A。

5.句型轉(zhuǎn)換（以主動(dòng)語態(tài)與被動(dòng)語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換為主）

出處：劍10 Test 1 Section 2

Question 14

The ___________ will be explained to you before you use the equipment.

聽力對(duì)應(yīng)原文：The trainer will then take you through the safety rules for using the equipment in the fitness suite.

從題目得知be explained（被解釋）的內(nèi)容和use the equipment有關(guān)，和聽力原文中的the safety rules for using the equipment對(duì)應(yīng)，而且題目中的 The ___________ will be explained（被動(dòng)語態(tài)）和 The trainer will then take you through（主動(dòng)語態(tài)）對(duì)應(yīng)，因此得出safety rules為答案詞。上面兩個(gè)短句就是通過使用不同的語態(tài)調(diào)整了句型結(jié)構(gòu)，但是意思沒有發(fā)生根本改變。

以上就是常見的聽力中出現(xiàn)的同義替換的類別，要掌握同義替換，烤鴨們做完聽題后可以按照這五大類別整理筆記。積累的同義替換越多，識(shí)別同義替換的能力越強(qiáng)，做題也更加得心應(yīng)手噢！