蘇州環(huán)球雅思告訴你托福寫(xiě)作如何將詞匯多變
蘇州環(huán)球雅思告訴你托福寫(xiě)作如何將詞匯多變
在托福考試中,托福寫(xiě)作部分一直占據(jù)著很重的分值,出色的英語(yǔ)作文是考生們?cè)诩ち业母?jìng)爭(zhēng)中脫穎而出、終制勝的法寶。因此,我們不能再局限于擴(kuò)大詞匯量,死記硬背寫(xiě)作套句和范文,而要掌握一些淺顯易懂的規(guī)律,寫(xiě)出炫亮的英語(yǔ),讓你的作文大放異彩。那今天蘇州環(huán)球雅思小編告訴你托福寫(xiě)作如何將詞匯多變!
蘇州環(huán)球雅思托福培訓(xùn)
詞匯多樣性:
詞匯貧乏之中國(guó)學(xué)生英語(yǔ)作文的通病。整篇作文一個(gè)詞用到底,從不作任何變化:一遇到“改變/變化”就是change,“影響”就是effect,“流行”就是popular,“認(rèn)為”就是think;每逢“因?yàn)?rdquo;就是because,“意識(shí)到”就是realize,“想到”就是think of,等等。其實(shí)英語(yǔ)詞匯很豐富的,同一個(gè)意思可以由很多不同的方式表達(dá),如:
改變:change,modify,alter,shift,fashion,transform,convert
變化:change,vary,convert,fluctuate,oscillate
保護(hù):protect,conserve,safeguard
保存:save,preserve,conserve,keep,store
影響:effect,influence,impact,infection
流行:popular,prevalent, prevailing,current,common,universal
認(rèn)為:think,believe,hold,argue,maintain,deem,opine,reckon,figure
意識(shí)到:realize,be aware of/that,be awake to,understand,it/sth. dawns on sb.
想到:think of,come up with,occur to/strike sb.,come to,remind,suggest
看作:regard …as…,look on/consider/view/see/take…as…
應(yīng)該:should,ought to,it is/would be better,it is advisable to
因?yàn)椋篵ecause,since,as,for,because of,owing to,thanks to,due to,as a result of,in virtue of,on account of,with,from,at,of
關(guān)于:about,on,with regard to,as regards,concerning,relating to
因此:so,therefore,thus,accordingly,consequently,hence,thereby
然而:however,nevertheless,nonetheless,whereas,though,still,yet
另外:moreover,in addition,besides,furthermore,one more thing
不同:different,difference,differ,vary from…to…,conflicting,diverse,diversified,various,a variety of
吸引人的:attractive,appealing,taking,inviting,tempting,fascinating,charming,alluring, glamorous, absorbing, enticing
閃光的英語(yǔ)托福作文包含四個(gè)要素:
1 完整性:句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整,意義完整;
2 連貫性:句子各部分之間以及句子之間的關(guān)系緊密、協(xié)調(diào),前后意思連貫,思想表達(dá)清楚有序;
3 簡(jiǎn)潔性:言簡(jiǎn)意賅;
4 多樣性:包括詞匯多樣性和句子多樣性。
以上四要素中,前三個(gè)要素是前提和基礎(chǔ),比較容易做到;多樣性是對(duì)前三個(gè)要素的升華,是作文閃光點(diǎn)的核心和關(guān)鍵所在。
句子多樣性
單調(diào)的句式和結(jié)構(gòu)、長(zhǎng)度相近的句子使作文呆板單調(diào),缺乏生動(dòng)性和說(shuō)服力;而靈活多變的句子樣式和結(jié)構(gòu)則使作文語(yǔ)言生動(dòng),自然流暢,豐富多彩。具體包括以下幾個(gè)方面:
長(zhǎng)短句變換:簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和復(fù)合句交替運(yùn)用
長(zhǎng)句準(zhǔn)確生動(dòng),長(zhǎng)于說(shuō)明推理;短句簡(jiǎn)潔明快,意義明確,印象深刻,描述動(dòng)作,表明主旨,總結(jié)歸納,非短句不可。既然各有所長(zhǎng),在寫(xiě)作時(shí)應(yīng)根據(jù)實(shí)際需要,交替使用簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和復(fù)合句,以達(dá)到“段間長(zhǎng)短不一,全篇句式萬(wàn)千”、豐富多樣的效果,給讀者以及閱卷老師以永恒的新鮮感。
結(jié)構(gòu)多樣化:
我們學(xué)過(guò)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)(包括不定式結(jié)構(gòu)和分詞結(jié)構(gòu)),無(wú)動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu),分隔結(jié)構(gòu),比較結(jié)構(gòu),獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu),with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),特殊否定結(jié)構(gòu),it結(jié)構(gòu),平行結(jié)構(gòu),強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu),倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),等等。其中為神通廣大的是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu),在句中或作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ),或作表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),或作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞,或作狀語(yǔ)表示條件、原因、讓步、時(shí)間、方式、目的、結(jié)果、伴隨狀況等,不一而足。
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)可以簡(jiǎn)化大部分英語(yǔ)從句,產(chǎn)生語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)練,結(jié)構(gòu)豐富多樣的效果,請(qǐng)看下列轉(zhuǎn)化實(shí)例:
名詞從句可轉(zhuǎn)化為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)
1. That John won the marathon surprised us.
John’s winning the Marathon surprised us.
2. I have not decided whether I should vote for Clint.
I have not decided whether to vote for Clint.
定語(yǔ)從句可轉(zhuǎn)化為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)
1. The man (who is) standing at the gate is my English teacher.
2. The car (that was) repaired yesterday by him is my mother’s.
3. The next train that arrives is from New York.
狀語(yǔ)從句可轉(zhuǎn)化為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)
1. After he had watered the garden, he began to mow the lawn.
Having watered the garden, he began to mow the lawn.
2. When they are heated metals expand.
(When) Heated, metals expand.
3. Because I do not know what to do next, I want to ask for your advice.
Not knowing what to do next, I want to ask for your advice.
4. I spoke slowly and clearly in order that the audience could understand me.
…in order for the audience to understand me.
5. If we are united, we stand; if we are divided, we fail.
United, we stand; divided, we fail.Toefl
6. Though he has lived in Canada for tree years, he still cannot speak English well.
Having lived in Canada for three years, he still cannot speak English well.
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